• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
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    • 专利摘要:
    “DRIVE SYSTEM TO DRIVE A LOAD, METHOD OF STARTING A SYSTEM AND METHOD OF OPERATING A GAS TURBINE SYSTEM” The present invention relates to improvements to gas turbine systems used in mechanical drive applications. In particular, but not exclusively, the invention concerns gas turbine systems for driving compressors, for example compressors for refrigerant fluids in liquefied natural gas installations. The drive system for driving a load (103), wherein the load (103) comprises at least one compressor, comprises: a gas turbine (101) configured and arranged to drive the load (103), the turbine gas (101) has a heated end (101H) and a cooled end (101C); a load coupling (105) connecting the gas turbine (101) to the at least one load compressor (103) disposed at one of the heated end (101H) and the cooled end (101C) of the gas turbine (101 ); an electric motor/generator (111) arranged on the other between the heated end (101H) and cooled end (101C) of the gas turbine (101), the electric motor/generator (111) being electrically connected to a power network electrically (G) and mechanically connected to the load coupling (105); and wherein the electric motor/generator (111) is adapted to function as a generator to convert excess mechanical power from the gas turbine (101) into electrical power, and deliver the electrical power to the electrical power grid (G), and as a motor to supplement the drive power to the load (103).
    公开号:BR112015009904B1
    申请号:R112015009904-1
    申请日:2013-11-07
    公开日:2021-05-25
    发明作者:Marco Scarponi；Annunzio Lazzari；Antonio Pelagotti；Claudio Antonini；Damiano Agostini；Graziano Dell'Anna；Giuliano Milani；Lorenzo Naldi；Mirko Libraschi；Paolo Battagli；Paolo Bianchi
    申请人:Nuovo Pignone Srl；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    FIELD OF THE INVENTION
    [001] The present invention concerns improvements to gas turbine systems used in mechanical drive applications. In particular, but not exclusively, the invention concerns gas turbine systems for driving compressors, for example compressors for refrigerant fluids in liquefied natural gas installations.
    [002] The invention also concerns improvements in methods for operating a system comprising a gas turbine and a load, for example, a compressor for LNG, or oil and gas applications. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    [003] Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) results from a liquefaction process, in which natural gas is cooled using one or more refrigeration cycles in a cascade arrangement, until it becomes liquid. Natural gas is often liquefied for storage or transport purposes, for example if pipeline transport is not possible or economically viable.
    [004] The cooling of natural gas is performed using closed or open refrigeration cycles. A refrigerant is processed in a compressor or compressors, condensed and expanded. Expanded refrigerated refrigerant is used to remove heat from natural gas flowing in a heat exchanger.
    [005] Refrigerant compressors in LNG, pipeline applications or other applications in the oil and gas industry are often driven by gas turbines. The availability of gas turbine power (that is, the power available on the turbine power shaft) depends on ambient conditions, for example, air temperature, and other factors, such as aging. Turbine power availability increases with decreasing temperatures and, conversely, decreases with increasing temperatures. This causes power availability fluctuations both 24 hours and throughout the year due to daily and seasonal temperature fluctuations.
    [006] It has been suggested to provide an electric motor in combination with a gas turbine to drive a load, comprised of, for example, one or more compressors. The electric motor is operated to supplement mechanical power to the compressor or compressors to keep overall mechanical power on the compressor shaft constant when turbine power availability decreases and/or to increase the total mechanical power used to drive the load. This function of the electric motor is called auxiliary work. The same electric motor is generally also used as a starter motor, to accelerate the column formed by the gas turbine and the compressor or compressors from zero to nominal speed.
    [007] When excess mechanical power is generated by the turbine, for example, if the ambient temperature drops below the design temperature and consequent increase in turbine power availability, the excess mechanical power generated by the gas turbine is converted into electrical energy , with the use of the auxiliary electric motor as a generator.
    [008] Figure 1 illustrates a gas turbine and compressor arrangement with an auxiliary machine/starter/generator, typically used in an LNG installation. The gas turbine 1 is connected via a common shaft line 3 to an electric motor/generator 5. The shaft line can be comprised of a plurality of shaft portions 3A, 3B, 3C, 3D. Reference numeral 4 designates a rigid coupling arranged between the gas turbine and the electric motor/generator 5. An additional flexible coupling 6 is arranged between the electric motor/generator 5 and a load 7, for example a compressor. The electric motor/generator 5 has a drive-through capability, that is, it is designed to allow the mechanical power generated by the gas turbine 1 to be transmitted through the motor/generator 5 to the compressor 7. The drive-through capacity must be equal or greater than the gas turbine release power. The electric motor/generator 5 is connected to an electric power network G through a frequency converter 11.
    [009] The electric motor/generator 5 is used as a starter motor to accelerate the gas turbine 1 from zero speed to full speed. Since the electric motor/generator 5 is located on the common axis line 3, when performing the starter function, the motor/generator 5 also accelerates the entire compression column, ie the compressor or compressors 7. This requires that the electric motor/generator 5 is strong enough to accelerate the mass of all rotational machines connected to the common shaft line 3, and also to overcome the aerodynamic load of the compressor or compressors 7, since, during firing, the working fluid present in the compressor or compressors 7 starts to flow and its pressure increases.
    [010] In other known natural gas liquefaction facilities, the electric motor/generator is connected at one end of the compressor or compressors and the gas turbine is arranged at the opposite end of the compressors. The compressor or compressors are thus located between the gas turbine and the auxiliary/electric generator. When the compressor is a vertically split compressor, the electric motor/generator needs to be removed if the compressor requires maintenance. Furthermore, in these known configurations, a dedicated starter motor for the gas turbine is provided on the cooled end side of the gas turbine. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    [011] In one embodiment of the present invention, a drive system to drive a load is provided, comprising a gas turbine configured and arranged to drive the load and having a heated end and a cooled end. The gas turbine is provided with a load coupling for connecting said gas turbine to the load, disposed in one of said heated end and cooled end of the gas turbine. An electric motor/generator is additionally provided, arranged at the opposite end of the gas turbine. In some embodiments, the electric motor/generator is connected to the cooled end of the gas turbine and the load is connected to the heated end of the gas turbine. Placing the electric motor/generator on the cooled end of the gas turbine makes retrofitting existing plants easier by exploiting the existing auxiliary baseplate. Baseplate space for the electric motor/generator can be obtained by removing the existing starter and torque converter and/or other auxiliary installations. In other embodiments, for example, when the gas turbine is a multi-axis gas turbine, the load can be connected to the cooled end of the gas turbine and the electric motor/generator can be connected to the heated end of the gas turbine. The specific positioning of the load and electric motor/generator relative to the heated and cooled end of the gas turbine may also depend on design constraints as more achievable shaft/flange design is required on the load side. In some configurations, the heated end shaft/flanges may be designed to transmit higher power ratings than the cooled end coupling.
    [012] In some embodiments the load may comprise one or more compressors, such as compressor(s) from an LNG facility.
    [013] In some embodiments, the electric motor/generator is electrically connected to an electrical power network. The electric motor/generator is adapted to function as a generator to convert excess mechanical power from the gas turbine into electric power and deliver the electric power to the electric power grid, and as a motor to supplement drive power to the compressor when the mechanics generated by the gas turbine is reduced.
    [014] Arranging the electric motor/generator at the turbine end opposite the load has several advantages in the prior art configurations. In particular, with respect to configurations where the electric motor/generator is disposed at the end of the line, in addition to the load, the configuration in accordance with the subject matter disclosed herein results in improved accessibility to the load. In particular when the compressor has a vertical split casing, access to the compressor is facilitated, which results in easier maintenance. A separate starter motor at the cooled end of the gas turbine for ground running of the gas turbine during the commissioning phase may be dispensed with. In case of motor/generator short circuit, the stress on the compressor is mitigated.
    [015] Regarding the configuration in Figure 1, the innovative configuration revealed in this document results in a simpler, smaller and less expensive machine/electric generator, which does not require drive-through capacity.
    [016] In some currently preferred embodiments, the gas turbine is a single-axis gas turbine, in which the electric motor/generator also operates as a starter motor for the column comprising the gas turbine and the load.
    [017] According to a further aspect, the invention relates to a method of starting a system comprising a gas turbine and a load, the method comprising: providing a gas turbine with a heated end and an end cold; coupling a load to one of said heated end and cooled end; coupling an electric motor/generator to the other between said heated end and cooled end; switch the engine/electric generator into an engine mode; electrically power the engine/electric generator and convert electrical power into mechanical power in the engine/electric generator and use the mechanical power to start the gas turbine and the load, with the mechanical power transferred from the engine/electric generator to the load through of the gas turbine.
    [018] According to another aspect, the invention relates to the method of operating a gas turbine system comprising a gas turbine and a load driven by the gas turbine, the method comprising: providing a gas turbine with a heated end and a cooled end; coupling a load to one of said heated end and cooled end; coupling an electric motor/generator to the other of said heated end and cooled end, and mechanically coupling the electric motor/generator to the load; generate mechanical power through the gas turbine; feed the load with the mechanical power generated by the gas turbine.
    [019] According to some embodiments, when the mechanical power generated by the gas turbine exceeds the mechanical power required to drive the load, the method provides the following steps: operate the electric motor/generator in a generator mode; transferring excess mechanical power from the gas turbine to the electric motor/generator; and converting excess mechanical power into electrical power in the electric motor/generator.
    [020] According to some embodiments, when the mechanical power generated by the gas turbine is less than the power required to drive the load, the method provides the following steps: operating the engine/electric generator in an engine mode; electrically power the motor/electric generator; convert electrical power into supplementary mechanical power in the electric motor/generator; transfer the supplementary mechanical power from the engine/electric generator through the gas turbine to the load; drive the load with combined power generated by the gas turbine and supplementary mechanical power generated by the motor/electric generator.
    [021] Features and embodiments are disclosed herein below and are further set forth in the appended claims, which form an integral part of this description. The above brief description presents features of the various embodiments of the present invention so that the detailed description that follows can be better understood and so that the present contributions to the art can be better verified. There are, of course, other features of the invention which will be described hereinafter and which will be set forth in the appended claims. In this regard, before explaining various embodiments of the invention in detail, it is understood that the various embodiments of the invention are not limited in their application to the construction details and component arrangements shown in the following description or illustrated in the drawings. The invention is capable of other embodiments and of being practiced and executed in various ways. Furthermore, it should be understood that the phraseology and terminology employed herein are for the purpose of description and should not be associated as limiting.
    [022] Therefore, those skilled in the art will find that the design, upon which the invention is based, can be readily used as a basis for designating other structures, methods, and/or systems to perform the various purposes of the present invention. It is important, therefore, that the claims are associated as including such equivalent constructions as long as they do not depart from the scope of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    [023] A more complete verification of the disclosed embodiments of the invention and many of the additional advantages thereof will be readily obtained as they become better understood by reference to the following detailed description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which: - Figure 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of a gas turbine and compressor according to the current art; - Figures 2 to 6 illustrate schematic diagrams of gas turbine and compressor arrangements according to two embodiments in accordance with the present invention . DESCRIPTION OF ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE INVENTION
    [024] The following detailed description of the exemplary embodiments refers to the attached drawings. The same reference numerals in different drawings identify the same or similar elements. Additionally, drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. Furthermore, the detailed description below does not limit the invention. Rather, the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.
    [025] Reference throughout the specification to "one (1) achievement" or "an achievement" or "some achievements" means that the particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with an achievement is included in at least one achievement of the matter revealed. Thus, the appearance of the expression "in one (1) achievement" or "in an achievement" or "in some achievements" in several places throughout the descriptive report does not necessarily refer to the same achievement(s). ). In addition, particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable way into one or more realizations.
    [026] In the realization of Figure 2, a gas turbine 101 is provided to drive a load 103.
    [027] The gas turbine 101 has a first end 101H and a second end 101C. The first end 101H is referred to as the heated end of the turbine, while the second end 101C is referred to as the cooled end of the turbine. The heated end 101H is generally the end where exhaust flue gases are discharged from the power turbine 104, while the cooled end 101C is generally the end where the compressor inlet 102 of the gas turbine 101 is located.
    [028] In the realization of Figure 2 the load 103 comprises a compressor, for example a centrifugal compressor, such as a refrigeration compressor of an LNG plant or a pipeline compressor or the like. In other embodiments the load can be comprised of more than just one compressor, i.e. a column of two or more compressors, which rotate at the same rotational speed or at different rotational speeds, for example, by interposing one or more devices of speed manipulation, such as a gearbox, between consecutively arranged column compressors.
    [029] In the realization of Figure 2, the load 103 is connected in drive mode to the heated end 101H of the gas turbine 101 through a load coupling 105. If the load 103 requires a rotational speed different from the rated rotational speed of the turbine to gas 101, a speed manipulation device 107 is disposed between the gas turbine 101 and the load 103. For example, the speed manipulation device may be comprising a gearbox. In other embodiments the speed manipulation device 107 may be comprising a torque converter. Reference numeral 109 indicates a driven shaft that connects speed manipulation device 107 to load 103.
    [030] The end of the gas turbine 101 opposite the load coupling 105, i.e. the cooled end 101C, is connected to a reversible electrical machine 111. The reversible electrical machine 111 is a motor/generator, i.e. a machine with the ability to convert mechanical power available at the machine shaft into electrical power available at the machine's electrical terminals, or vice versa, which converts electrical power available at the machine's electrical terminals into mechanical power at the machine shaft. The electric motor/generator 111 is electrically connected to an electric power network G.
    [031] A frequency converter or variable frequency drive 113 can be provided between the electrical terminals of the motor/electric generator 111 and the electrical power network G. The frequency converter 113 allows electrical energy at the network frequency, by example, 50 Hz or 60 Hz is used to rotate the motor/electric generator 111 at any speed as required, depending on the function performed by the motor/electric generator 111, modifying the frequency to match the rotation frequency of the motor/ electric generator 111. Vice versa, the frequency converter 113 is also capable of converting the electric power frequency generated by the electric motor/generator 111 to the mains frequency. The frequency converter 113 thereby allows the system to rotate at a variable rotational speed depending on requirements.
    [032] The electric motor/generator 111 is mechanically connected to the cooled end 101C of the gas turbine 101 via a motor output shaft 115. In some embodiments a mechanical fuse 119 may be disposed between the motor output shaft 115. and the gas turbine 101. A mechanical fuse is a device capable of breaking if the device is overloaded. In the embodiments described in this document, the mechanical fuse protects, for example, turbomachines 101 and 103 in case of a short circuit in the motor/electric generator 111.
    [033] In other embodiments, between the engine output shaft 115 and the gas turbine 101, a clutch 117 can be arranged to selectively connect and disconnect the electric motor/generator 111 and the gas turbine 101. in some embodiments a gearbox or other speed manipulation device may be disposed between the electric motor/generator 111 and the gas turbine.
    [034] In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 2, a mechanical fuse and a clutch can be used in combination.
    [035] In some embodiments, the gas turbine 101 may be a heavy duty gas turbine. In other embodiments, the gas turbine 101 may be an aeroderivative gas turbine. A combination of two or more gas turbines to drive the same compressor or compressors can also be provided.
    [036] In some embodiments the 101 gas turbine is a single shaft gas turbine. The single-shaft gas turbine comprises a rotor compressor and a rotor turbine mounted on a common rotation shaft. One end of the shaft is mechanically connected to the motor/electric generator 111 and the opposite end of the shaft is mechanically connected to the load 103 through the load coupling 105. The motor/electric generator 111 is therefore connected to a single shaft line and turns the compressor and the power turbine of the gas turbine in rotation, as well as the compressor or compressors that form the load 103.
    [037] In the single axis gas turbine configuration, the electric motor/generator 111 can perform a starter function, an auxiliary function and a generator function as will now be described. The mechanical power available in the electric motor/generator 111 is mechanically transmitted to the load via the common shaft line. The excess mechanical power available in the shaft power turbine is directly transmitted to the electric motor/generator 111 and converted into electrical power.
    [038] In a single-shaft gas turbine 101, when the gas turbine 101 and the load 103 are at rest, the start of the line is operated by the electric motor/generator 111 which functions as a starter motor. Motor/electric generator 111 is switched to motor mode. The electrical power from the electrical power network G is delivered to the electric motor/generator 111 through the frequency converter 113. The frequency of the electrical power delivered to the electric motor/generator is controlled to accelerate the electric motor/generator 111 from zero to one required rotational speed, which can be the nominal speed of the gas turbine 101, or a lower speed.
    [039] The mechanical power generated by the electric motor/generator 111 turns the gas turbine shaft 101 and the load coupling 105, as well as the compressor or compressors 103. The electric motor/generator 111 is designed in this way to provide sufficient power to accelerate the gas turbine and the compressor or compressors that form load 103 on firing. This requires overcoming the inertia of the turbomachinery as well as the aerodynamic load of the compressor or compressors 103. The aerodynamic load is the load generated by the fluid processed by the compressor or compressors that make up load 103. The aerodynamic load increases as the rotational speed of the compressor increases, due to the increased pressure of the fluid processed by the compressor. The electric motor/generator 111 is therefore designed to provide sufficient power to overcome the inert and aerodynamic loads of turbomachinery driven by the electric motor/generator 111 at least at the rotational speed required to start the gas turbine.
    [040] Once the gas turbine 101 takes on the task of driving the load, the electric motor/generator can be turned off. In some embodiments, the engine/electric generator may continue to operate in engine mode to provide additional mechanical power that is used in combination with the mechanical power generated by the gas turbine to drive the load.
    [041] In some embodiments, the gas turbine 101 is operated at a fixed rotational speed and full load to maximize gas turbine efficiency. If the mechanical power generated by the gas turbine 101 exceeds the power required to drive the load 103, for example, due to the decreased ambient temperature and consequent availability of increased turbine power, the electric motor/generator 111 is switched to generator mode and converts the excess mechanical power available in the shaft turbine into electrical energy. The electric power generated by the electric motor/generator 111 is delivered to the electric power network G. The electric power frequency can be converted by the frequency converter 113 if required.
    [042] If the mechanical power generated by the gas turbine 101 is insufficient to drive the load, for example, due to the increased ambient temperature and consequent drop in turbine power availability, the electric motor/generator 111 is switched to engine mode and operates as an auxiliary. Electric power from the electric power network G is converted by the electric motor/generator 111 into mechanical power at the motor output shaft 115. In some embodiments, as noted above, the electric motor/generator can be operated continuously in motor mode instead of only in the event of a drop in gas turbine power availability. In both cases, the total mechanical power available in the load coupling 105 will be the sum of the mechanical power generated by the gas turbine 101 and the mechanical power generated by the electric motor/generator 111.
    [043] The electric motor/generator 111 does not require a drive-through capability, being disposed at the cooled end of the gas turbine 101 and the shaft thereof does not require to be designed to support the rated power of the gas turbine 101 at full load.
    [044] Figure 3 illustrates a further embodiment of a turbine driven compressor arrangement. For example, to process a refrigerant fluid in an LNG facility. The same reference numerals are used to designate the same or equivalent components as in Figure 2. In the embodiment of Figure 3, load 103 is comprised of a compressor arrangement, which includes a first compressor 103A and a second compressor 103B. In the exemplary embodiment of Figure 3 the compressors are directly driven by the gas turbine 101 with no speed manipulation devices in between. In other embodiments a speed manipulation device, for example a gearbox, may be provided between the gas turbine 101 and the compressor 103A and/or between the compressor 103A and the compressor 103B.
    [045] The installation of Figure 3 operates substantially the same as that of Figure 2.
    [046] In both embodiments shown in Figures 2 and 3, the electric motor/generator 111 does not require drive-through capability, as it is located at one end of the column. Furthermore, the location of the motor/electric generator 111 allows intervention in the last compressor even if the last is a vertically divided compressor, thus facilitating its maintenance. The location of the motor/electric generator 111 additionally mitigates the mechanical stresses in the shaft-driven compressor line in case of short circuit of the motor/electric generator 111, in relation to the prior art settings, where the motor/electric generator 111 is connected directly to the driven axle line.
    [047] Figure 4 illustrates a further embodiment of a system comprising a gas turbine 101 and a load 103 driven thereby, in accordance with the present disclosure. The same reference numerals indicate the same components or corresponding components, elements or parts as in the previous embodiments and will not be described in detail again. The engine/generator 111 is connected to the cooled end 101C of the gas turbine 101 while the load 103 is connected to the heated end 101H of the gas turbine 101. In the exemplary embodiment of Figure 4 the load 103 comprises a first compressor 103A and a second compressor 103B. The load coupling 105 is supported by an intermediate bearing arrangement 120. A flexible coupling 122 can be provided between the bearing arrangement 120 and the compressor shaft. In the embodiment of Figure 4, the load is therefore driven by the gas turbine 101 via a partially rigid and partially flexible coupling. A flexible coupling as intended herein is a coupling that includes a flexible or elastic element, schematically shown at 124, such as a flexible or elastic gasket. A rigid coupling is, by contrast, a coupling that does not contain a flexible or elastic element.
    [048] Flexible couplings displace the thermal expansion of the shafts connecting the turbomachinery as well as the possible angular misalignment, which reduces bearing loads and machine vibrations.
    [049] Having a flexible coupling between the gas turbine and the load induces improved functionality and efficiency of the dry gas seals of the compressor(s) driven by the gas turbine and simplifies the alignment between the turbomachines, as well as the rotodynamic design.
    [050] Figure 5 illustrates an additional embodiment of the matter disclosed in this document. The same components or equivalent components, elements or parts as in Figure 4 are endowed with the same reference numerals and will not be described in detail again. The embodiment of Figure 5 differs from the embodiment of Figure 4 in that the first comprises a load coupling 105, which includes only a flexible coupling that directly connects the gas turbine 101 and the load 103. Reference numeral 124 indicates an element flexible or elastic of the flexible coupling 105.
    [051] In some embodiments the load 103 may comprise two or more compressors connected to each other by means of an intermediate flexible coupling. Figure 5 shows an exemplary embodiment of a third compressor 103C connected to the first and second compressors 103A, 103B via a flexible coupling 126.
    [052] In Figures 2 to 5 a single shaft gas turbine 101 is illustrated. Suitable gas turbines that can be used in the arrangements described above are heavy duty single shaft gas turbines MS9001, MS7001, MS6001, MS5001, GE10-1 all available from GE Oil & Gas.
    [053] In other embodiments, the gas turbine may be a multi-axis gas turbine that has two or more axes arranged concentrically. Figure 6 schematically illustrates a twin-shaft gas turbine, designated 201 as a whole. A suitable twin-shaft gas turbine is the LM6000® gas turbine available from General Electric, Evendale, OH, USA The 101 twin-shaft gas turbine comprises a core 203, a low pressure compressor 205 and a power turbine or low pressure 207. The core 203 in turn comprises a high pressure compressor 209 and a high pressure turbine 211. The high pressure compressor rotor 209 and the high pressure turbine rotor 211 are mounted on a core of common shaft or outer shaft 213. Low pressure compressor rotor 205 and low pressure turbine rotor or power turbine 207 are mounted on an inner shaft or power 215 shaft. Inner shaft 215 extends coaxially to outer shaft 213 and through it. The heated end and cooled end of the 201 gas turbine are schematically shown at 201H and 201C, respectively. An electric motor/generator 221 is mechanically connected to the inner shaft 215 at the cooled end 201C of the gas turbine 201 and electrically connected to an electrical power network G via a frequency converter or a variable frequency drive 223. A clutch and /or a mechanical fuse and/or a gearbox, shown generally at 225, may be disposed between the cooled end side of the inner shaft 215 and the shaft 221A of the electric motor/generator 221.
    [054] The heated end side of the inner shaft 215 can be mechanically coupled to a load 226. A flexible coupling can be used for this purpose. Reference numeral 227 schematically indicates a flexible element of the flexible coupling. A gearbox or any other speed manipulation device may be arranged between the heated end 201H of the gas turbine 201 and the load 226 and/or between the consecutively arranged driven machines of the load 226.
    [055] In the exemplary embodiment of Figure 6, load 226 is comprised of a first compressor 226A and an optional second compressor 226B. A flexible coupling schematically shown at 229 can be provided between the two compressors 226A, 226B.
    [056] In some embodiments, a starter motor 231 is provided to start the core 203 of the gas turbine 201.
    [057] Ambient air is delivered to low pressure compressor 205 and compressed to a first pressure. Partially compressed air enters high pressure compressor 209 of core 203 and is compressed to a high pressure. Pressurized air is delivered to a combustor 204 and mixed with a fuel, for example, a gaseous or liquid fuel. The fuel and air mixture is fired and the flue gases are sequentially expanded in the high pressure turbine 211 and the low pressure or power turbine 207. The mechanical power generated by the high pressure turbine 211 is used to drive the high pressure compressor pressure 209 of the core turbine 203, while the mechanical power generated by the low pressure turbine or power 211 is available on the inner shaft 215 and is used to drive the load 226.
    [058] Excess mechanical power available from the power turbine 207 on the inner shaft 215 can be transferred to the electric motor/generator 211 and thereby converted to electric power, with the electric motor/generator 211 operating in generator mode. The electrical power is conditioned by the frequency converter 223 and made available in the electrical power network G. If the mechanical power generated by the power turbine 207 is insufficient to drive the load 226, for example, due to the drop in turbine power availability caused by an increase in ambient temperature, the motor/electric generator 221 can be switched in motor mode and converts electrical power from the electrical power network G into mechanical power, made available on the internal shaft 215 to be combined with the mechanical power generated by the turbine. power 207 to drive the load 226.
    [059] In this realization, the starter motor work is not provided by the electric motor/generator 221, but rather by a starter 231 provided in the core 203. When the gas turbine 201 needs to be started, the starter motor 231 drives outer shaft 213 in rotation so that core 203 can start. Once the high pressure turbine 211 has been fired, the flue gases thus generated are delivered to the power turbine 207 to start the low pressure sections of the gas turbine 201, i.e., the low pressure compressor 205 and the low pressure gas turbine 207.
    [060] Although the disclosed embodiments of matter described herein have been shown in the drawings and fully described above with particularity and detail in connection with several exemplary embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that many modifications, changes, and omissions are possible without departing materially from the innovative teachings, the principles and concepts presented in this document, and advantages of the matter cited in the appended claims. Therefore, the proper scope of the disclosed innovations should be determined only by the broadest interpretation of the appended claims in order to cover all such modifications, changes and omissions. Additionally, the order or sequence of any process or method step may be varied or resequenced according to alternative embodiments.
    权利要求:
    Claims (13)
    [0001]
    1. DRIVE SYSTEM FOR ACTIVATING A LOAD (103), wherein the load (103) comprises at least one compressor, characterized in that it comprises: a gas turbine (101) configured and arranged to drive the load (103), wherein the gas turbine (101) has a heated end (101H) and a cooled end (101C); a load coupling (105) that connects the gas turbine (101) to the at least one load compressor (103), arranged in one between the heated end (101H) and the cooled end (101C) of the gas turbine (101); an electric motor/generator (111) disposed on the other between the heated end (101H) and the cooled end (101C) of the turbine to gas (101), the motor/electric generator (111) being electrically connected to an electrical power network (G) and mechanically connected to the load coupling (105); and wherein the electric motor/generator (111) is adapted to function as a generator to convert excess mechanical power from the gas turbine (101) into electrical power, and deliver the electrical power to the electrical power grid (G), and as a motor to supplement the drive power to the load (103).
    [0002]
    2. DRIVE SYSTEM, according to claim 1, characterized in that the electric motor/generator (111) is disposed at the cooled end (101C) of the gas turbine (101), and the load coupling (105) is disposed at the heated end (101H) of the gas turbine (101).
    [0003]
    3. DRIVE SYSTEM according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that it additionally comprises a mechanical fuse (119) between the motor/electric generator (111) and the gas turbine (101).
    [0004]
    4. DRIVE SYSTEM according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it additionally comprises a clutch (117) between the electric motor/generator (111) and the gas turbine (101).
    [0005]
    5. DRIVE SYSTEM according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the electric motor/generator (111) is permanently connected to the cooled end (101C) or to the heated end (101H) of the gas turbine (101) .
    [0006]
    6. DRIVE SYSTEM according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the electric motor/generator (111) is additionally adapted to function as a starter motor to start the gas turbine (101) and the load (103).
    [0007]
    7. DRIVE SYSTEM according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the gas turbine (101) is a single-axis gas turbine.
    [0008]
    8. DRIVE SYSTEM according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the gas turbine (101) is a dual shaft gas turbine (201) comprising: a core (203) comprising a high pressure compressor (209) and a high pressure turbine (211) connected by a first shaft; a starter to start the core (203); a low pressure compressor (205); a low pressure turbine (207); wherein the low pressure turbine (207) and the low pressure compressor (205) are connected by a second shaft extending from the heated end (101H) to the cooled end (101C) of the gas turbine (101); and wherein the load (103) is mechanically connected to the second shaft at one of the heated end (101H) and cooled end (101C) of the gas turbine (101), and the electric motor/generator (111) is mechanically connected to the second shaft on the other of the heated end (101H) and cooled end (101C) of the gas turbine (101).
    [0009]
    9. DRIVE SYSTEM, according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it additionally comprises a frequency converter (113) connected between the electric motor/generator (111) and the electric power network (G), being that the frequency converter (113) is configured and controlled to condition the electrical frequency from the electric power network (G) to the electric motor/generator (111) and from the electric motor/generator (111) to the electric power network (G) .
    [0010]
    10. METHOD OF STARTING A SYSTEM, as defined in any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising a gas turbine (101) and a load (103), characterized in that it comprises: providing a gas turbine (101) with a heated end (101H) and a cooled end (101C); couple a load (103) to one of the heated end (101H) and cooled end (101C); couple an electric motor/generator (111) to the other of the heated end (101H) and cooled end (101C); switch motor/electric generator (111) into an engine mode; and electrically supply the electric motor/generator (111) and convert electric power into mechanical power in the electric motor/generator (111) and use the mechanical power to start the gas turbine (101) and load (103), where the mechanical power is transferred from the electric motor/generator (111) to the load through the gas turbine (101); wherein the load (103) comprises at least one compressor.
    [0011]
    11. METHOD OF OPERATING A GAS TURBINE SYSTEM, comprising a gas turbine (101) and a load (103) driven by the gas turbine (101), characterized in that it comprises: providing a gas turbine (101) with one heated end (101H) and one cooled end (101C); coupling a load (103) to one of the heated end (101H) and cooled end (101C); coupling an electric motor/generator (111) to the other of the ends heated (101H) and cooled end (101C), and mechanically coupling the electric motor/generator (111) to the load (103); generate mechanical power through the gas turbine (101); supply the load (103) with the power mechanical power generated by the gas turbine (101); when the mechanical power generated by the gas turbine (101) exceeds the mechanical power required to drive the load (103): operate the electric motor/generator (111) in a generator mode; transferring excess mechanical power from the gas turbine (101) to the electric motor/generator (111); and converting the excess mechanical power into electrical power in the electric motor/generator (111); wherein the load (103) comprises at least one compressor.
    [0012]
    12. METHOD OF OPERATING A GAS TURBINE SYSTEM, comprising a gas turbine (101) and a load driven by the gas turbine (101), characterized in that it comprises: providing a gas turbine (101) with a heated end (101H) and a cooled end (101C); couple a load to one of the heated end (101H) and cooled end (101C); couple an electric motor/generator (111) to the other of the heated end (101H) and end cooled (101C), and mechanically coupling the electric motor/generator (111) to the load (103); generate mechanical power through the gas turbine (101); supply the load (103) with the mechanical power generated by the gas turbine (101); when the mechanical power generated by the gas turbine (101) is less than the power required to drive the load (103): operate the electric motor/generator (111) in a motor mode; electrically power the electric motor/generator (111); convert electrical power into supplementary mechanical power in the electric motor/generator (111) ;transferring the supplementary mechanical power from the motor/electric generator (111) through the gas turbine (101) to the load (103); operating the load (103) with combined power generated by the gas turbine (101) and supplementary mechanical power generated by the motor/electric generator (111); wherein the load (103) comprises at least one compressor.
    [0013]
    13. METHOD, according to any one of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that it comprises the steps of: coupling the electric motor/generator (111) to the cooled end (101C) of the gas turbine (101); and couple the load (103) to the heated end (101H) of the gas turbine (101).
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    AU2013343548A1|2015-05-21|
    JP2015535046A|2015-12-07|
    WO2014072433A1|2014-05-15|
    US10174630B2|2019-01-08|
    EP2917504A1|2015-09-16|
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    KR102134321B1|2020-07-16|
    ITFI20120245A1|2014-05-09|
    CN104956036A|2015-09-30|
    EP2917504B1|2019-09-25|
    US20150285089A1|2015-10-08|
    CA2890292C|2020-09-01|
    CA2890292A1|2014-05-15|
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    法律状态:
    2018-11-21| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|
    2020-03-24| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|
    2021-03-30| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2021-04-20| B09W| Decision of grant: rectification|Free format text: RETIFICACAO DO DEFERIMENTO NOTIFICADO NA RPI 2621 DE 30/03/2021. |
    2021-05-25| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 07/11/2013, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    IT000245A|ITFI20120245A1|2012-11-08|2012-11-08|"GAS TURBINE IN MECHANICAL DRIVE APPLICATIONS AND OPERATING METHODS"|
    ITFI2012A000245|2012-11-08|
    PCT/EP2013/073308|WO2014072433A1|2012-11-08|2013-11-07|Gas turbine in mechanical drive applications and operating methods|
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